Vitamin D3 deficiency can occur in individuals with limited sun exposure or diets low in vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is crucial for the proper absorption of calcium and phosphate, which are necessary for healthy bones and teeth, and for preventing conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. It is also vital during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent pre-eclampsia and support the nutritional needs of a growing infant. Additionally, Vitamin D3 plays an essential role in boosting immunity.
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Vitamin D3, in its active form as Calcitriol, works by binding to Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) found throughout various body tissues. As a fat-soluble vitamin, Vitamin D3 has a half-life of approximately 50 days. It is absorbed in the small intestine, then binds to specific alpha-globulins and is transported to the liver, where it is metabolized to 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (Calcidiol). A further hydroxylation process in the kidney converts it to 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol), which increases calcium absorption. Non-metabolized Vitamin D3 is stored in fat and muscle tissues, and it is excreted through feces and urine.
Rare symptoms include loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, increased urination, sweating, headache, thirst, dizziness, and elevated levels of calcium and phosphate in plasma and urine.
For Capsules:
Adults:
Children (12-18 years):
For Film-Coated Tablets:
For Oroflash or Chewable Tablets:
For Syrup:
1 year: 600 IU/day (3 ml)
The safety and effectiveness of Vitamin D3 in children under 12 years have not been established.
Overdose can lead to hypervitaminosis D.
Certain drugs can cause Vitamin D3 deficiency by interfering with its absorption and metabolism, including magnesium-containing antacids, digoxin, thiazide diuretics, cholestyramine, colestipol, phenytoin, phenobarbital, orlistat, and mineral oil. Corticosteroids like prednisolone may increase the need for Vitamin D3.
Vitamin D3 is contraindicated in all conditions associated with hypercalcemia and in individuals with hypersensitivity to Vitamin D3 or its excipients. It should not be used if there is evidence of Vitamin D3 toxicity.
Studies suggest that doses up to 4,000 IU are safe during pregnancy. The recommended daily intake for pregnant women is 400 IU, though higher doses may be required for those deficient in Vitamin D3. Pregnant women should follow medical advice tailored to their specific needs.
Vitamin D3 and its metabolites are excreted in breast milk, but overdosing in infants due to breastfeeding has not been observed. When prescribing additional Vitamin D3 to a breastfed child, the dose received by the mother should be considered.
Plasma calcium levels should be monitored in patients on high doses of Vitamin D3, especially in those with renal impairment, or during pregnancy and lactation. Individuals taking digoxin, thiazide diuretics, or those with liver or kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, lymphoma, tuberculosis, or granulomatous disease should consult a healthcare provider before taking Vitamin D3.
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
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