Emtifovir Tablet 8pcs

Uses of Emtifovir Tablet

• HIV-1 Infection
• Reducing the Risk of Acquiring HIV-1 Infection

How does Emtifovir Tablet work?

1. Emtifovir Tablet is a combination of two anti-HIV medicines: Emtricitabine and Tenofovir disoproxil. They prevent HIV (virus) from multiplying, thereby reducing the amount of virus in your body. They also increase the CD4 cell (white blood cells that protect against infection) count in your blood.

Side Effects of Emtifovir Tablet

• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Nausea
• Rash

Quick Suggestions:

• Practice safe sex by using condoms; it helps in reducing contact with semen and vaginal fluids.
• Never share personal items with body fluids or blood on them, such as razor blades or toothbrushes.
• Avoid sharing used needles, other injections, or drug equipment.
• Get tested for other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea or syphilis.
• Eat a healthy and balanced diet. Eat vitamin and nutrient-rich food such as vegetables and fruits as it helps to boost your immune system. Opt for lean protein and whole grains.
• Avoid eating raw meat and eggs. Consume properly boiled and cooked meat, poultry, or seafood.
• Eat bland and low-fat foods, and avoid spicy or oily foods if you experience nausea or vomiting.
• Try to reduce emotional and physical stress by spending time with family or doing whatever makes you happy.
• Get an HIV test done for at least every 3 months.
• Regular kidney and liver function tests, and bone mineral density tests while taking Emtifovir Tablet are advised.
• Emtifovir Tablet might affect laboratory test results, inform the person doing the tests that you are taking Emtifovir Tablet.

Indications:

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting and destroying the white blood cells essential for fighting infections. This makes individuals with HIV more susceptible to other infections and illnesses. Common early symptoms of HIV include flu-like signs such as fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, tiredness, and sore throat, which can persist for days or weeks. HIV is transmitted through body fluids, including semen, vaginal fluid, and blood. If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). While there is no definitive cure for HIV, it can be effectively managed with antiretroviral drugs.

Mechanism of Action of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate:

• Prodrug Conversion: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a diester prodrug of tenofovir. It is rapidly converted into tenofovir in the body.
• Active Form: Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analogue of adenosine 5'-monophosphate.
• Mechanism: Tenofovir inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by mimicking the nucleotide required for viral DNA synthesis, leading to DNA chain termination.

Emtricitabine:

• Chemical Structure: Emtricitabine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue of cytidine.
• Mechanism: Emtricitabine also inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. By incorporating itself into the viral DNA, it causes premature DNA chain termination.

Combined Effect:

• Synergistic Inhibition: Both emtricitabine and tenofovir target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, effectively disrupting the enzyme’s ability to convert viral RNA into DNA, leading to halted viral replication and reduced viral load.

Dosage & Administration of Emtifovir Tablet

Dosage Information for Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil

Adult Dose:

• For HIV-1 Infection and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Take 1 tablet once daily, in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

Renal Impairment:

• CrCl (Creatinine Clearance) 30-49 ml/min: 1 tablet every 48 hours.
• CrCl <30 ml/min: Not recommended.
• Patients on Hemodialysis: Not recommended.

Hepatic Impairment:

• Moderate-to-Severe Hepatic Impairment: Dose adjustment is not necessary.

Interaction

Drug-Drug Interactions:

• Anti-HIV Medications: ritonavir, darunavir
• Anti-Fungal Medications: amphotericin B
• Anti-Viral Medications: foscarnet, ganciclovir, cidofovir
• Antimicrobial Agents: pentamidine
• Antibiotics: vancomycin
• Anti-Cancer Medications: interleukin-2

Drug-Food Interactions: No interactions found or established.

Drug-Disease Interactions: No interactions found or established.

Contraindications:

• Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil is present in breast milk. For HIV-1-infected mothers, the CDC advises against breastfeeding to prevent the risk of HIV-1 transmission to the infant. For women using Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the decision to breastfeed should consider the potential benefits of breastfeeding against the risk of HIV transmission and potential adverse effects on the infant.

Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

• Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil is not recommended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. If you have HBV, consult your healthcare provider for appropriate antiviral therapy options specifically indicated for HBV management.

Pregnancy and Lactation Information for Emtifovir Tablet

Pregnancy

• Observational studies have not shown an increased risk of major birth defects with the use of Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil during pregnancy. Data from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) indicate that the risk of major birth defects with first-trimester exposure to emtricitabine (2.3%) or tenofovir DF (2.1%) is comparable to the background rate of 2.7%.
• Pregnant women with HIV should continue antiretroviral therapy according to current guidelines to reduce maternal-fetal viral transmission.

Lactation

Presence in Breast Milk: Both emtricitabine and tenofovir have been detected in human breast milk.

HIV-1 Infected Mothers:

• CDC Recommendations: HIV-1-infected mothers are advised not to breastfeed to prevent postnatal transmission of HIV-1 to the infant. This precaution helps avoid the risk of HIV transmission and adverse reactions in the infant.

HIV-Negative Women (PrEP Users):

• Considerations: Evaluate the benefits of breastfeeding against the mother’s need for HIV-1 PrEP. Consider potential adverse effects on the breastfed child and the risk of HIV-1 acquisition due to nonadherence and subsequent maternal-to-child transmission.
• Precaution: Women should avoid breastfeeding if acute HIV-1 infection is suspected due to the risk of HIV-1 transmission to the infant.

Drug Warnings for Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil

• Allergy: Do not take if you are allergic to any component of the medication.
• Medical History: Inform your doctor if you have a history of hepatitis B infection, kidney or liver problems, or if you are over 65 years old.
• Monitoring: Regular blood and urine tests are required while on this medication.
• HIV Precautions: Emtricitabine + Tenofovir disoproxil does not prevent the spread of HIV infection. Continue to practice safe sex and take other necessary precautions.
• Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Consult your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Avoid breastfeeding while taking this medication.
• Dizziness: May cause dizziness; exercise caution when driving or operating machinery.
• Age Limitation: Not recommended for children under 12 years.
• Infection Signs: Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any signs or symptoms of infection or inflammation.

Storage:

Store in a cool and dry place away from sunlight