Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection

✔️ Uses of Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection

• Treats diabetes mellitus

✔️ How does Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection work?

Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection reduces blood glucose levels by promoting protein synthesis and glucose uptake. When insulin binds to receptors on muscle and fat cells, it enhances glucose intake. Additionally, it curbs glucose production from the liver.

✔️ Side Effects of Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection

Common:

• Redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site
• Possibility of fatty tissue thickening (lipohypertrophy) with repeated injections in the same spot

Uncommon:

• Fatty tissue shrinking (lipoatrophy) at injection sites

Rare:

• Severe hypoglycemic attacks can lead to temporary vision loss in those with proliferative retinopathy (an eye condition related to diabetes)
• Temporary water retention causes swelling in the calves and ankles

Stop using Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection and urgently consult your doctor if you encounter these side effects:

• Widespread skin reactions (rash and itching all over), severe skin/mucous membrane swelling (angioedema), rapid heartbeat, sweating, shortness of breath, and lowered blood pressure
• Signs of heart failure like sudden weight gain, localized swelling (edema), and unusual shortness of breath
• Severe hypoglycemia symptoms: headaches, extreme hunger, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, restlessness, confusion, trembling, paralysis, convulsions, loss of consciousness, among others
• Symptoms of ketoacidosis: thirst, increased urination, tiredness, dry skin, reddened face, loss of appetite, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, glucose, and ketone bodies in urine, deep breathing, sleepiness, even unconsciousness

For any adverse effects or concerns, consult your healthcare provider promptly.

✔️ Quick Suggestions:

• Insulin Glargine is injected under the skin. It needs to be injected once daily, at the same time every day.
• Injection below the skin of the abdomen results in faster absorption than other injection sites.
• Injection sites must be rotated to prevent hard lumps from developing at one site.
• Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and take your other diabetes medicines (if prescribed) alongside.
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level) is a common side effect. Hence, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is required while taking this medicine.
• Always carry some high sugar food such as sugar candy or glucose candy, fruit juice, and glucose with you so that you can take it when you experience hypoglycemia symptoms such as cold sweats, cool pale skin, tremors, weakness, and anxiety.
• Opened vials/cartridge stay good at room temperature for up to 4 weeks, while unopened vials must be placed in the refrigerator (2°C–8°C).
• Do not use if the preparation is no longer clear and colorless, or if it contains particles.

✔️ Indication

Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection is a long-acting synthetic insulin analog employed to reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Its popularity stems from its gradual and consistent insulin release over an extended duration, mitigating the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), particularly during nighttime. Administered once daily, Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection can be combined with other insulins and anti-diabetic medications to attain the desired blood sugar control.

✔️ Pharmacology

Insulin glargine, a prolonged-acting analog of human insulin, plays a role in regulating carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. It achieves this by suppressing the liver's glucose production and the breakdown of fats, while also improving the uptake of glucose by peripheral tissues.

✔️ Dosage & Administration of Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection

Before administering Glarine insulin, follow this checklist and instructions:

Checklist:

1. Insulin syringe of the correct size (100 IU)
2. Prescribed type of insulin injection
3. Check the expiry date on the Glarine vial
4. Ensure the flip-off cap on the Glarine® vial is intact

Instructions:

1. Wash hands thoroughly.
2. Shake or roll the Glarine vial 10 times to mix insulin well.
3. Inspect the vial. Glarine® should be clear and colorless.
4. When using a new vial, flip off the plastic cap and wipe the tip with an alcohol swab.
5. Draw air into the syringe equal to your insulin dose.
6. Turn the vial and syringe upside down, hold them firmly, and shake gently.
7. Check the syringe for air bubbles. Tap to remove bubbles if present.
8. Lightly pinch the skin and insert the needle into the skin, pushing the plunger slowly.
9. Make sure the needle is fully inserted.

Dosage:

• Glarine® offers a consistent glucose-lowering profile for 24 hours, suitable for once-daily use.
• Its potency is similar to human insulin.
• Administer Glarine subcutaneously once daily, anytime during the day.
• Maintain a consistent administration time daily.
• Dosage must be tailored based on clinical response, and blood glucose monitoring is crucial.
• Type 1 diabetes requires Glarine® in combination with short-acting insulin.
• Avoid intravenous administration, as subcutaneous doses in veins could lead to severe hypoglycemia.
• Rotate injection sites within the same region (abdomen, thigh, deltoid) for each injection.

Initiating Glarine Therapy:

• For type 1 diabetes, start with about one-third of the total daily insulin requirements. Short-acting insulin handles the rest.
• For type 2 diabetes patients not on insulin, begin with 10 units (or 0.2 Units/kg) once daily and adjust as needed.
• Converting from other insulin therapies requires adjustments in timing and amounts of shorter-acting insulins and oral anti-diabetic drugs.
• From once-daily NPH insulin to Glarine, use the same dose as NPH being discontinued.
• From twice-daily NPH insulin to Glarine, start with 80% of the total NPH dose.

Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection is administered by healthcare professionals based on individual factors such as age, body weight, and medical condition.

✔️ Interaction

Several medications can influence glucose metabolism, potentially requiring adjustments in insulin and insulin glargine dosages. Here are some examples:

Substances that may decrease the need for insulin and insulin glargine:

• Oral antidiabetic drugs
• ACE inhibitors
• Disopyramide
• Fibrates
• Fluoxetine
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Propoxyphene
• Pentoxifylline
• Salicylates
• Sulfa antibiotics

Substances that may increase the demand for insulin and insulin glargine:

• Thiazides (diuretics)
• Glucocorticoids (steroids)
• Thyroid hormones
• Beta sympathomimetic drugs
• Growth hormone
• Danazol

Substances that can influence the hypoglycemic effect of insulin:

• Beta-blockers
• Clonidine
• Lithium salts
• Alcohol

Understanding how these substances interact with insulin and insulin glargine is important for effective diabetes management. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen. They can provide guidance on how to adjust your insulin doses appropriately based on your specific situation.

✔️ Contraindications

Insulin glargine is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any of its excipients.

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

Category C pregnancy. During pregnancy, insulin glargine should only be taken if the possible benefit outweighs the danger to the baby.

It is uncertain if insulin glargine is secreted in human milk during lactation. Because many medications, including human insulin, are excreted in human milk, Insulin glargine should be provided with caution to a breastfeeding mother. Insulin dosage and nutrition may need to be adjusted for lactating mothers.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

Considerations for using insulin glargine include:

• Renal or hepatic impairment
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Children under 6 years old
• Transitioning from other insulin therapies
• Regular monitoring of serum glucose, potassium, electrolytes, HbA1c, and lipid profile
• Be cautious during concomitant illnesses, especially infections
• Monitor for hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
• Insulin glargine is considered safe while breastfeeding

✔️ Storage Conditions

Ensure proper storage for Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injection:

• Unopened injections: Refrigerate at 2°C-8°C (36°F-46°F); avoid freezing.
• Keep the pen or vial in the outer carton to shield it from light.
• Once opened or used, Glarine 100IU/ml SC Injections are usable for 4 weeks (check the label for exact shelf-life details).
• The store opened/used injections below 30°C (86°F), away from direct heat and light.