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Lipoxin B Injection 500000 Units
Polymyxin B Sulfate is used for treating infections caused by susceptible organisms, including meningitis.
- IV (Intravenous): Dilute 500,000 units in 300–500 mL of Dextrose 5% (D5W). Infuse over 60–90 minutes.
- IM (Intramuscular): Reconstitute the vial with 2 mL of sterile water for injection (SWI), normal saline (NS), or 1% procaine hydrochloride. Inject deeply into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle.
- IT (Intrathecal): Reconstitute with 10 mL of NS. Do not use procaine HCl for intrathecal administration.
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✅ Description:
Polymyxin B targets the phospholipids in the bacterial membrane of gram-negative organisms, compromising membrane integrity and causing intracellular contents to leak, ultimately killing the bacteria.
✔️ Possible Side Effects
- Allergic-like reactions with shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat
- Skin rashes and hives (urticaria)
- Fever
- Eosinophilia
- Kidney toxicity
- Nerve toxicity
✔️ Overdose Effects
Toxicity due to Lipoxin B overdose has been reported and can result in neuromuscular blockade, leading to serious complications such as:
- Breathing difficulty (apnea)
- Muscle weakness, dizziness (vertigo)
- Numbness in the face, slurred speech
- Blood pressure instability, visual disturbances
- Confusion, hallucinations (psychosis)
- Respiratory failure
It can also lead to kidney failure, marked by low urine output and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
There is no specific antidote for an overdose. In such cases:
- The drug must be immediately discontinued.
- Supportive care should be provided.
- Rapid diuresis using IV mannitol may help eliminate the drug through the kidneys.
- Dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) can be considered to manage kidney-related complications.
✔️ Dosage Recommendations
Adults
IV for infections: 15,000–25,000 units/kg/day via continuous infusion or 12-hourly intermittent infusions over 60–120 minutes. Max dose: 2,000,000 units/day.
IM for infections: 25,000–30,000 units/kg/day divided every 4–6 hours. Max: 2,000,000 units/day.
IT for meningitis: 50,000 units once daily for 3–4 days, then every other day for at least 2 weeks after CSF cultures are sterile and glucose levels normalize. Max: 2,000,000 units/day.
Children
IV for infections:
<2 years: 40,000 units/kg/day, given every 12 hours.
≥2 years: Same as adult dosage.
IM for infections:
<2 years: 40,000 units/kg/day divided every 6 hours. (Use is discouraged due to injection site pain.)
≥2 years: Same as adult dose, but also not routinely advised.
IT for meningitis:
<2 years: 20,000 units once daily for 3–4 days or 25,000 units every other day, then continued treatment based on clinical response.
✔️ Renal Dosing Adjustments
CrCl >20 mL/min: 75–100% of the standard daily dose, divided every 12 hours.
CrCl 5–20 mL/min: Use 50% of the usual daily dose, divided every 12 hours.
CrCl <5 mL/min: Administer 15% of the standard daily dose every 12 hours.
✔️ Drug Interactions
Serious Interactions:
Risk of neurotoxicity or kidney damage increases when used with other similar agents such as:
bacitracin, aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, amikacin), colistin, and others.
Combining with neuromuscular blocking agents (like anesthetics or muscle relaxants) may lead to respiratory paralysis.
✔️ Contraindications
Known allergy to polymyxins.
Avoid combining with nephrotoxic or neurotoxic agents and neuromuscular blockers.
✔️ Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
There is no adequate data from controlled studies on the use of Lipoxin B in pregnant women. Its safety during pregnancy has not been confirmed.
Regarding breastfeeding, no specific guidance is available. It is also unknown whether the drug passes into human breast milk.
✔️ Precautions
- Use cautiously in patients with kidney dysfunction, oliguria, myasthenia gravis, or during pregnancy.
- May lead to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
- May interfere with neuromuscular transmission.
- Do not use with strong acids or bases.
- Stop use if there's reduced urine output, increased BUN or creatinine, or signs of respiratory paralysis.
- Avoid IM use in children due to severe injection site discomfort.
✔️ Storage Instructions
- Store below 30°C, protect from light, and keep out of children's reach.
- Store the remaining solution at 2°C to 8°C.
- Discard any unused portion after 72 hours.
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information as musch as possible. Although we do not guarantee the
accuracy and the completeness of the information that provided and
here information is for informational purposes only.
The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute
for the advice of a qualified physician. This may not cover
everything about particular health conditions,
lab tests, medicines, all possible side effects, drug interactions,
warnings, alerts, etc. Please consult your healthcare professional
and discuss all your queries related to any disease or medicine. We
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