TTvax IM Injection 40IU/0.5ml

✔️ Uses of TTvax IM Injection

Prevention of tetanus.

✔️ How does TTvax IM Injection work?

Tetanus toxoid adsorbed induces immunity by stimulating the immune system to produce specific antitoxins against tetanus. It is not intended for the treatment of active tetanus infections.

✔️ Side Effects of TTvax IM Injection

• Injection site reactions (redness, tenderness, thickening of skin)
• Fever
• Malaise (discomfort)
• Irritability

✔️ Tetanus Disease:

Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. When this bacteria enters the body through cuts, puncture wounds, or burns, it produces a powerful toxin that affects the nervous system.

Symptoms of Tetanus:

• Lockjaw (trismus): Spasms of the jaw muscles, making it difficult to open the mouth.
• Muscle stiffness and spasms: Involuntary and painful contractions, typically starting in the jaw and neck, then spreading to other muscles.
• Difficulty swallowing: Caused by spasms in the throat muscles.
• Seizures: In severe cases, spasms can lead to full-body seizures.
• Headache, fever, and sweating: General signs of infection and stress on the body.
• Involuntary muscle contractions: May affect breathing, leading to complications.

Risk Factors for Tetanus Infection:

• Lack of vaccination: Not being immunized with the tetanus toxoid vaccine.
• Recent wounds or injuries: Especially those exposed to soil, dirt, or feces, such as cuts, burns, and punctures.
• Older age: Immunity may decline over time without booster shots.
• Chronic conditions: Such as diabetes or immunocompromising diseases, can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections.
• Contaminated environments: Frequent exposure to outdoor work environments, particularly where contact with soil or animal waste is common.

Tetanus is a preventable disease that can be prevented through vaccination, so regular immunizations and booster shots are critical to maintaining protection.

✔️ This vaccine is used for the active immunization of:

• Infants and children aged 7 years or older.
• Adults for the prevention of tetanus, especially those at high risk of exposure (e.g., gardeners, athletes, farm workers).
• Women of childbearing age to prevent neonatal tetanus.

✔️ Pharmacology

TTvax contains tetanus toxoid prepared from Clostridium tetani, detoxified using formalin and heat. It is purified and combined with aluminum phosphate to boost immune response, with thiomersal added as a preservative. This vaccine does not contain horse serum protein, which reduces the risk of serum sensitivity.

✔️ Dosage & Administration of TTvax IM Injection

Dosage:

Adults and Children 7 Years or Older:

• Primary Series:

First dose: 0.5 ml at an appropriate date.

Second dose: 0.5 ml, 4 to 8 weeks after the first.

Third dose: 0.5 ml, 6 to 12 months after the second.

For those who didn’t complete their primary series (e.g., receiving only two doses of DTaP or DTP), a single 0.5 ml dose is sufficient.

• Booster Dose:
  • A 0.5 ml dose every 10 years is recommended for continued protection.
• Injured Persons:
  • Clean/minor wound:
    • No vaccine is needed if a booster dose was given within 5 years.
    • If more than 5 years have elapsed since the last booster, a 0.5 ml dose is required.
  • Contaminated/dirty wound:
    • If the last booster was within 5 years, administer a 0.5 ml dose.
    • If more than 5 years, administer 0.5 ml along with tetanus immunoglobulin.

Neonatal Tetanus Prevention:

• For women of childbearing age:
  • TT-1 at age 15.
  • TT-2 four weeks after TT-1.
  • TT-3 six months after TT-2.
  • TT-4 one year after TT-3.
  • TT-5 one year after TT-4.
• For pregnant women who haven’t been vaccinated:
  • Two doses, four weeks apart. No further dose is required for the next 10 years.

• Administered intramuscularly (IM) into the deltoid muscle for adults and older children, and the anterolateral thigh for infants.
• Do not administer intravenously (IV). Subcutaneous administration is suggested for patients with bleeding disorders.

✔️ Interaction

• Reduced immunologic response when used with immunosuppressants.
• If administering tetanus immune globulin and tetanus toxoid adsorbed, ensure they are given at different injection sites using separate syringes to avoid neutralization.

✔️ Contraindications

• Severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine.
• Postpone vaccination during any febrile illness or acute infection. Mild illnesses do not preclude vaccination.

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: Limited human data are available, so use only if the benefits outweigh risks to the fetus. Tetanus toxoid is safe for the prevention of neonatal tetanus in pregnant women.
• Lactation: Not known if excreted in breast milk. Use only if clearly needed.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Adrenaline (for anaphylaxis): Available at 1:1000 concentration, the dosage for adults is 0.1-0.5 mg intramuscularly/subcutaneously. For infants/children, the dose is 0.01 mg/kg, not exceeding 0.5 mg.
• Observe patients for at least 30 minutes post-vaccination for allergic reactions.

✔️ Storage Condition

Store at 2°C to 8°C. Do not freeze, and discard if the vaccine has been frozen. Protect from light.