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Ofran 8mg Tablet 10pcs
Ondansetron is indicated for:
- Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy
- Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy
- Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
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✅ Description:
Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist. Its exact mechanism in controlling nausea and vomiting is not fully understood. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can trigger the release of 5HT in the small intestine, which initiates a vomiting reflex by activating vagal afferents through 5HT3 receptors. Ondansetron blocks this reflex. Additionally, activation of vagal afferents can release 5HT in the area postrema on the floor of the fourth ventricle, promoting emesis via a central mechanism. Therefore, ondansetron likely manages nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy by antagonizing 5HT3 receptors in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. While the mechanisms for postoperative nausea and vomiting are not entirely known, they may share pathways with those of cytotoxic-induced nausea and vomiting.
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✔️ Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occur immediately after surgery and can continue for a day or two. This condition can be triggered by medications like anesthetics used during surgery. Ondansetron is effective in treating PONV by blocking the action of serotonin in the brain, thereby reducing nausea and vomiting.
✔️ Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side effect of cancer treatment. It can be severe and distressing, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life and treatment compliance. Ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It works by blocking serotonin, a natural substance that causes nausea and vomiting.
✔️ Radiation-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (RINV)
Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) is a common side effect for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Patients may feel sick during or for a short time after radiotherapy treatment. Ondansetron is used to manage RINV by preventing the action of serotonin, thus alleviating nausea and vomiting during radiotherapy sessions.
✔️ Administration
- Chemotherapy: The first dose is typically taken 30 minutes before chemotherapy starts, followed by additional doses as prescribed.
- Radiotherapy: Taken 1-2 hours before each fraction of radiotherapy.
- Surgery: Taken 1 hour before the induction of anesthesia.
✔️ Side Effects
- Common:
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Rare:
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Electrocardiographic alterations
- Severe hepatic enzyme abnormalities
- Anaphylaxis
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Transient blindness during IV administration
✔️ Dosage
- Adults:
- Chemotherapy: 24 mg once for highly emetogenic chemotherapy, or 8 mg before and after treatment for moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
- Radiotherapy: 8 mg before treatment, then 8 mg every 8 hours post-treatment.
- Post-surgery: 16 mg 1 hour before anesthesia.
- Gastroenteritis: 8 mg three times daily.
- Pregnancy: 8 mg 2-3 times daily.
- Children:
- Chemotherapy: 4 mg before and after treatment for children aged 4-11.
- Radiotherapy: 8 mg for children over 12 years old.
- Gastroenteritis: 0.15 mg/kg three times daily.
- Post-surgery: 16 mg for children over 12 years old, or adjusted doses for younger children.
✔️ Administration Guidelines
- Take regularly at the same time each day.
- Do not handle tablets with wet hands.
- If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible unless it's almost time for the next dose.
✔️ Mode of Action
Ofran 8 blocks the action of serotonin, a chemical messenger in the brain that can cause nausea and vomiting, especially during anti-cancer treatment or after surgery.
✔️ Quick Suggestions;
- Fast-acting starts working within 30 minutes.
- If vomiting occurs within one hour of taking a dose, take another dose.
- Avoid heavy meals, eat small nourishing snacks, and sip water regularly to prevent dehydration.
✔️ Interactions
- May reduce the analgesic effect of tramadol.
- CYP3A4 inducers like rifampicin may reduce ondansetron levels.
- Concomitant use with QT-prolonging agents may cause additive prolongation of the QT interval.
- Potentially fatal interaction with apomorphine.
✔️ Precautions
- Heart or liver problems
- Blockage in the stomach or intestines
- Concurrent medications for epilepsy, heart problems, cancer, or depression
✔️ Storage Conditions:
- Keep the medicine out of reach of children
- Store Ofran 8 at room temperature
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