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Paloxiron 0.5mg Tablet 1 Strip
Paloxiron is indicated for:
- Acute nausea and vomiting
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV):
- Acute CINV: Occurs on the day of chemotherapy treatment.
- Delayed CINV: Occurs on days following chemotherapy.
- Radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV)
- Post-operative and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PONV & PDNV)
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✅ Description:
Palonosetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a high affinity for the receptor. Chemotherapy triggers the release of serotonin from enterochromaffin cells in the small intestine, activating 5-HT3 receptors in the vagus nerve and the brain's chemoreceptor trigger zone, which leads to nausea and vomiting. Palonosetron blocks serotonin at 5-HT3 receptors, preventing this emetic response. It acts both in the small intestine and the brain.
Palonosetron demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics over 1-90 mcg/kg. After IV administration, 40% is excreted unchanged in urine within 144 hours. It has a volume of distribution of 6.9–7.9 L/kg, with about 62% plasma protein binding. Approximately 50% is metabolized into inactive metabolites via renal pathways and CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4/5). Its half-life is approximately 40 hours, indicating prolonged receptor binding.
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✔️ Common adverse effects include:
- Headaches
- Constipation
✔️ Dosage & Administration
- Acute Nausea & Vomiting:
- Tablet: 0.5 mg, as needed.
- IV: 0.075 mg over 10 seconds.
- Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea & Vomiting:
- Tablet: 0.5 mg, 1 hour before chemotherapy.
- IV: 0.25 mg over 30 seconds, 30 minutes before chemotherapy.
- Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea & Vomiting:
- IV: 0.25 mg over 30 seconds, 30 minutes before treatment.
- Post-Operative Nausea & Vomiting:
- IV: 0.075 mg over 10 seconds before anesthesia induction.
- Pediatric Dose (1 month to 17 years):
- IV: 20 mcg/kg (maximum 1.5 mg).
Use medication under the guidance of a registered physician.
✔️ Drug Interactions
Paloxiron is generally safe with corticosteroids, analgesics, antiemetics, antispasmodics, and metoclopramide, with no significant pharmacokinetic interactions. It does not inhibit or induce CYP enzymes, minimizing drug interaction risks. No effect on cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, doxorubicin, or mitomycin C efficacy in tumor models.
✔️ Contraindications
Palonosetron is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.
✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation
- Pregnancy Category B: Safety during pregnancy is not well established.
- Unknown if excreted in breast milk; caution advised during lactation.
✔️ Precautions & Warnings
- No dosage adjustments are needed for elderly, renal, or hepatic impairment.
- Overdose is managed with supportive care; no known antidote.
✔️ Storage Conditions
Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light.
⚠️Disclaimer:
At ePharma, we’re committed to providing accurate and accessible health information. However, all content is intended for informational purposes only and should not replace medical advice from a qualified physician. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. We aim to support, not substitute, the doctor-patient relationship.
